Return Codes
There are currently 85 distinct ACH return codes.
While these codes are standardized by NACHA, interpretation and enforcement can vary across financial institutions. This means resolving payment failures with return codes may require different communication and actions depending on the financial institutions involved.
Most common return codes
Each entry lists the account type, return deadline, and a concise message you can adapt for payors.
R01 — Insufficient funds
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
Suggested customer message: This transaction has failed due to NACHA code R01, insufficient account funds. Please correct your balance and try again. Retry limit is 2.
R02 — Account closed
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
Suggested customer message: Account is closed. Please update with a valid account.
R03 — No account / unable to locate account
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
Suggested customer message: Unable to find the account. Please check the account details and try again.
R04 — Invalid account number structure
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
Suggested customer message: Invalid account structure. Please re-enter the account number and retry.
R05 — Unauthorized consumer debit using corporate SEC code
Account type: Consumer · Time frame: 60 calendar days
Suggested customer message: The transaction was marked incorrectly as corporate (CCD). Use WEB for consumer.
R06 — ODFI requested return
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Undefined
Suggested customer message: The bank marked this transaction for return. Please contact the bank before retrying.
R07 — Customer revoked authorization
Account type: Consumer · Time frame: 60 calendar days
Suggested customer message: Customer has revoked authorization. Contact the customer before retrying.
R08 — Payment stopped
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
Suggested customer message: Payment was stopped. Contact the payor to resolve the issue.
R09 — Uncollected funds
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
Suggested customer message: Funds could not be retrieved. Contact the payor and retry.
R10 — Originator not known / not authorized
Account type: Consumer; Non-Consumer (ARC, BOC, IAT, POP) · Time frame: 60 calendar days
Suggested customer message: Payer not authorized. Contact the banks to resolve before retrying.
R29 — Not authorized by corporate customer
Account type: Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
Suggested customer message: The corporate customer did not authorize the debit.
Less common return codes
R11 — Not within authorization terms
Account type: Consumer; Non-Consumer · Time frame: 60 calendar days
R12 — Account sold to another DFI
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R13 — Invalid ACH routing no.
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R14 — Representative payee deceased
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R15 — Beneficiary / account holder deceased
Account type: Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R16 — Account frozen / returned per OFAC
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R17 — File edit criteria / suspicious entry
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R18 — Improper effective date
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R19 — Amount field error
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R20 — Non-transaction account
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R21 — Invalid company ID
Account type: Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R22 — Invalid individual ID
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R23 — Receiver refused credit
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Upon receipt
R24 — Duplicate entry
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R25 — Addenda error
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R26 — Mandatory field error
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R27 — Trace number error
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R28 — Routing no. check digit error
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R30 — RDFI not in check truncation program
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R31 — Permissible return (CCD/CTX only)
Account type: Non-Consumer · Time frame: Undefined
R32 — RDFI non-settlement
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R33 — Return of XCK
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 60 calendar days
R34 — Limited participation DFI
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R35 — Improper debit
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R36 — Improper credit
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: Next file delivery
R37 — Source document presented
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 60 calendar days
R38 — Stop payment on source document
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 60 calendar days
R39 — Improper source document
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
R40–R47 — Enrollment / identity / routing errors
Account type: N/A · Time frame: N/A
R50–R53 — RCK-related errors
Account type: Consumer · Time frame: 60 banking days
R61 — Misrouted return
Account type: Consumer · Time frame: 60 calendar days
R62 — Erroneous / reversing debit
Account type: Consumer · Time frame: 5 business days
R67 — Duplicate return
Account type: Not applicable · Time frame: Not applicable
R68–R73 — Timeliness or routing issues
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 5 banking days
R74 — Corrected return
Account type: Not applicable · Time frame: Not applicable
R75–R77 — Return disputes / validity conflicts
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2–5 banking days
R80–R85 — IAT / foreign / gateway errors
Account type: Consumer or Non-Consumer · Time frame: 2 banking days
Not all codes require the same resolution path. Work closely with your RDFI and ODFI to ensure compliance when retrying or correcting transactions.
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